Nicolaus Copernicus -- 19-Feb-1473 to 24-May-1543

He is mainly remembered for developing the heliocentric theory of the solar system, the idea that the earth revolves around the sun. In 1611, his work was put in the Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books") and not taken out until around 1835.

According to the Atheist Foundation of Australia:

The index was a list of books put out by the Roman Catholic Church that they considered immoral, impious or dangerous. It is hard to believe but the last edition of the list was published as recently as 1948. Luckily for Roman Catholics it was decreed in 1966 that no more new lists would be published and that it was OK to read from existing lists without fear of excommunication.

For as much as the church preaches about "the gospels", it does nothing about uncovering truth.